Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, neurological condition. Doctors have yet to identify the cause of inflammation but attribute it to a complex link between genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. About 2.8 million people in the world were affected by MS in 2020, the number continues to increase worldwide. The condition can lead to loss of vision, immobility, chronic pain, muscle weakness, and other complications. How does MS develop? The function of the nerve cells in the body is to send and receive signals from the brain. Each nerve cell has three parts: the soma or cell body, the axon or the cell trunk, and the dendrites. Together they transport the nutrients necessary for the nerve cells, convert signals into electric impulses, and send them throughout the body. The organs and limbs receive these signals, make changes, and respond accordingly. A myelin sheath is a sleeve or a protective covering around nerve cells made of lipids, proteins, and fats. Multiple sclerosis occurs when our immune system becomes faulty and mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord. This damages the myelin or causes lesions, plaque, or sclerosis, disrupting the process of transferring a message from the nervous system. So, the communication from and to the nervous system breaks down. The messages from the cells now may be slow or inaccurate, or the recipient’s body parts may ignore them completely. Warning signs MS is a progressive condition more likely to affect women than men. Here, the damage to the nervous system gradually worsens. While some may experience one or two major symptoms, others may experience more. The severity of the symptoms also fluctuates from mild to severe, with periods of remission in between. Though there is no cure yet, with proper treatment, rehabilitation therapies, and lifestyle changes, one can manage the symptoms and live an active life. Recognizing the sudden and abnormal changes can help in the early identification of MS. Early treatment can prevent serious health complications like high blood sugar, bone loss, fractures, kidney problems, frequent bruising, and reduced adrenal gland function. A few early signs are: Muscles stiffness and spasticity Spasticity is when the muscle tone increases abnormally. It causes stiffness and pain and makes movement difficult. It can also lead to sudden spasms and jerks in the arms and legs. Other symptoms include the involuntary crossing of legs, muscle fatigue, and sudden development of deformities. Problems with vision MS is an inflammatory condition that can affect any nerve cell. If it affects the eye’s optic nerve, the inflammation may cause pain and redness. It typically affects only one eye; one can experience blurred or cloudy vision, double or poor vision, or an inability to see color. If untreated, the eyesight can deteriorate, leading to early cataracts or vision loss. Pain People with MS may feel aches associated with muscle stiffness and spasms and experience pain while moving an eye. Each person may experience different forms of mild or severe pain, interfering with their ability to carry out daily activities. The pain may be dull for some, while others may feel a squeezing, crushing, stabbing, or shocking sensation. Pins and needles or a tingling sensation are also common signs. Some may feel pain in their muscles and joints caused by muscle stiffness. Lack of balance The disruption in the communication process may cause a delay in the way messages are sent, processed, and received. Some messages may be incomplete or inaccurate. Consequently, different body parts may not be able to work together in sync. This causes a loss of balance, swaying gait, and inability to maintain posture. Some may not be able to feel the floor and misjudge their steps. Lack of balance can lead to frequent trips and falls, even while walking on even grounds. Fatigue Mild or severe fatigue without an apparent cause can be an early sign of MS. Fatigue may worsen through the day and affect the ability to carry out daily activities. Lack of bladder control is another symptom of MS, which may keep one from having a good night’s sleep. Symptoms like pain, confusion, and mood changes may also lead to depression, preventing them from sleeping and adding to fatigue. Relapsing multiple sclerosis New treatments have improved the prognosis for people with MS, improving their quality of life and helping them manage the symptoms. For some patients, the symptoms may flare up or recur after treatment. Between the episodes of flare-ups, one can go through periods of remission without experiencing any of the typical MS symptoms. This type of MS is called relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Most people initially experience relapsing multiple sclerosis, and it may take quite some time, a decade or more, for the pattern of symptoms to change. Doctors diagnose the condition as RRMS if the symptoms last for at least 24 hours, during which they also worsen. The relapses are followed by a period of remission where some or most symptoms completely disappear. The symptoms of RRMS include sensitivity to heat and humidity, vision problems, numbness and tingling in the feet, weakness, fatigue, confusion, frequent urination, incontinence, and balance issues leading to falls. Diagnosis and management A neurologist will recommend multiple tests to rule out other diseases before confirming MS. They will conduct a detailed physical examination to check for vision and balance problems. They may also ask for brain and spine MRIs to locate the damage and functions affected. In a technique called “visual evoked potentials”, painless electrodes are attached to the scalp to measure the brain’s response to the objects one sees. Doctors may also do a spinal tap to check for abnormalities in the spinal fluid. The goal of treatment for regular or relapsing multiple sclerosis is to reduce inflammation and the severity of symptoms and slow the disease progression, for which doctors may recommend prescription options. They may also recommend plasmapheresis—a procedure to cleanse the blood. Mobility devices like canes or walkers to maintain balance can also help.
Dermatitis broadly describes skin diseases causing irritation and rashes on the skin. Many clear symptoms can help one recognize dermatitis, some of them being dry, itchy skin or rashes. Additionally, the skin may have blisters, oozing patches, and crusty or peeling spots. Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and seborrheic dermatitis are three variations of the condition. Dermatitis could be temporary or chronic, and one can manage it through treatment options and remedies. What to expect? Atopic dermatitis is a skin disease that usually affects the skin on the hands, inner elbows, neck, knees, ankles, feet, and areas around the eyes in teenagers and adults. One’s scalp, face, and ears are often the sites of seborrheic dermatitis. One can also experience symptoms in their eyes, lips, and nostrils. The skin disease can be uncomfortable due to the irritation and visible redness, which sometimes forms patterns or patches on the body. However, the condition is not contagious. Regular use of moisturizers can help manage the symptoms. Using specific shampoos, lotions, and ointments may also help one deal with the irritation. Managing itchy skin Dermatitis can develop in different forms. For instance, about 3% of adults and 20% of children are affected by atopic dermatitis. Certain at-home remedies can help one manage the symptoms. So here are a few ways to deal with itchy skin brought on by the condition: Apply lotion Lotion and natural moisturizers can help the skin retain moisture and prevent dryness. This can help relieve itching and irritation. Use anti-inflammatory products Skin discomfort can be momentarily relieved using dermatitis-friendly creams and ointments. Itching may also be relieved by antihistamines that could help deal with allergic reactions. Bathe in warm water One can add some baking soda or finely ground bathtub-safe oatmeal (colloidal oatmeal) into their bathwater and soak for five to ten minutes. When stepping out of the bathtub, one should avoid rubbing the skin dry with a towel and instead pat dry and moisturize it with an unscented lotion while it is still damp. For dry, flaky skin, using a lotion with 12% ammonium lactate or 10% alpha-hydroxy acid can help. Use prescription soaps and shampoos People with dermatitis should stick to prescribed soaps and shampoos that help maintain the skin and scalp pH and keep irritation at bay. Try a mild bleach bath Bleach is known to eliminate bacteria and other unwanted microorganisms, so it might help the skin get rid of infection-causing bacteria. One can add household bleach to a bathtub filled with warm water and make a diluted bleach bath. One can take a 5 to 10-minute bath before rinsing themselves with plain water. Such a bath can be drawn two times a week. Further, adding vinegar to warm water can boost the effectiveness of the bleach bath. Avoid scratching the skin One should cover the itchy region with a cloth to avoid scratching it. Further, people with skin diseases can wear gloves and trim their nails to prevent accidental scratching, Use a gentle laundry detergent One should switch to gentle, unscented laundry products as harsh detergent residue on clothes, linens, and towels can cause irritation. Avoid known allergens or irritants It is important to recognize and avoid allergens and irritants that worsen the itch. If allergic to certain foods like eggs, milk, and gluten, they should be limited or removed from one’s daily meals. Manage stress Some forms of dermatitis might flare up in response to emotional imbalance or excessive stress. So, one should try stress-reduction techniques like biofeedback or physical activities like exercise and yoga. Use tea tree oil shampoo Skin, nail, and hair-related ailments and symptoms can be managed with essential oils like tea tree oil. The oil can be used topically to address specific skin issues as it contains antifungal and antioxidant properties. However, one should consider diluting the oil with carrier oils or using tea tree oil products recommended by a dermatologist. Try Chinese herbal therapy This is a subset of traditional Chinese treatment. Here, certain herbs can help balance the opposing forces of energy, known as Yin and Yang, believed to flow via unseen pathways in the body. This is believed to help maintain skin pH levels and reduce stress. Causes A combination of risk factors like immune system response, genetics, and environmental factors can trigger dermatitis. Immune system reaction: The immune system can sometimes overreact in response to allergens. If one is affected by atopic dermatitis, the associated inflammation may result from the immune system’s strong reaction to allergens or irritants that are otherwise not harmful. Genetics: Research suggests that the condition can be hereditary at times. Additionally, scientists have discovered alterations in the genes that govern an antibody protein responsible for maintaining healthy skin. If one’s body does not have adequate amounts of this protein, the skin may develop issues. Environment: The immune system may be affected by the surroundings affecting one’s skin barrier function. As a result, one may experience difficulty in retaining moisture, making them likely to develop dermatitis. Excessive exposure to air pollution can also trigger the symptoms. Certain fragrances in soaps and skin care products may also irritate the skin. Further, fluoride in water or toothpaste may also trigger perioral dermatitis. Diagnosing dermatitis The dermatologist will carefully examine the skin and look for typical symptoms like rashes, redness, scales, and dryness. They might ask about the symptoms and inquire if the skin feels itchy and if one can experience a burning sensation. The answers can help the doctor diagnose the skin disease. One should consult a doctor as soon as they notice changes in the skin or skin-related issues. Although skin diseases like dermatitis can result in irritation and itchy skin, they can be managed through treatment and natural remedies. Further, moisturizing the skin can keep dryness at bay. One may also use shampoos, lotions, and ointments that are recommended for dermatitis skin. But, consulting a dermatologist before making drastic changes to one’s skincare is crucial. Further, getting an early diagnosis can help one avoid worsening the symptoms.
Fragrances can trigger memories as they help you relax and find enjoyment in the things you do. The fragrant detergents serve the additional purpose of keeping clothes smelling fresh days after they have been washed. They also remove the monotony of laundry and make it more enjoyable. You may be surprised, but lavender is the most popular fragrance for laundry as it calms the person wearing the clothes or using the linen. Benefits of organic fragrances It is now common knowledge that detergents are made of thousands of chemicals. You may think a spoonful of detergent powder or a capful of liquid detergent cannot harm you. These detergents contain fragrances, neurotoxins, carcinogens, and endocrine disruptors. The chemicals emitted through dryer vents can go outside or circulate within the house, affecting air quality. When you and your family continuously breathe the same air, the risk of ingestion is relatively high. Fragrances are among the top five asthma triggers as they contain phthalates, which are also linked to diabetes, high BMI, hormone disruption, and growth issues. With the increased risk to human health, aquatic life, and the environment, governments are placing many restrictions on what ingredients can go into household cleaning products. In contrast, organic fragrances are made with essential oils and plant-based enzymes. Some chemicals may be used in the extraction process of these oils, but the percentage could be as less as 25%. Since there are fewer chemicals, they are less likely to cause allergies, skin issues, and respiratory diseases. Organic detergents are generally concentrated, and you only need a little for every wash, making it economical in the long run. Choose certified and tested non-toxic and organic detergents Spend time to understand what chemicals are toxic and hazardous and check if your detergent does not contain them. To buy organic detergents, look for approvals from the Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Working Group (EWG), and the Organic certification from the United State Department of Agriculture. These certifications guarantee that you are buying genuinely organic products. If anyone in your family is prone to allergies, read the ingredients to ensure that the organic detergents are free of those allergens. Organic detergents are generally more expensive than conventional detergents. If you want to save on cost, you can choose detergents that contain non-toxic and safe chemicals. Here are some recommendations for organic detergents and detergents made with safe and approved chemicals. Top organic and non-toxic detergents to keep clothes smelling fresh Now detergents are available in various forms – conventional powder, liquid detergents, laundry pods, tablets, sheets, and specialty products to suit various skin types and types of washers and dryers. You can find safe organic detergents with safe fragrances in each category. Here are some recommendations: Safely Everyday Laundry Detergent Safely Everyday Laundry Detergent can fight the toughest food and sweat stains, remove associated odors, and keep your clothes smelling fresh. It is made from coconut oil and plant-based enzymes. It works well on white, light, and dark-colored fabric. It is effective in washing multiple fabric types, including cotton, linen, and synthetic blends. It is made with a pH-balanced formula and is safe for the skin. The rise has notes of orange flower, jasmine, violet, dry woods, geranium, and Bois de gaiac – a French musk-based perfume. It helps your clothes stay fresh long after washing. Mrs. Meyer’s Clean Day Liquid Laundry detergent Families that use Mrs.Meyer’s detergents stay loyal to her brand as the detergents are tough on stains, gentle on clothes, and leave a meadowy fragrance that is not too overpowering. The Clean Day Liquid detergent is concentrated, biodegradable, and made with plant-based enzymes. It can be used in all types of washing machines. It comes in a honeysuckle fragrance made with essential oils. A 64-fluid-ounce bottle will last for 64 loads of laundry. It is also available as detergent pods in lemon verbena scent. Seventh Generation EasyDose Laundry Detergent It is called EasyDose as it has an Auto-Dosing technology embedded in the cap. Flip the bottle upside down and squeeze, and it stops once you measure the appropriate amount of detergent for a load. It comes in a compact 23 oz bottle that you can use for 66 loads of laundry. The highlight is that it comes in a lavender scent made 100% from essential oils. This can be the perfect detergent for you if you have a soft corner for lavender. Dirty Labs Laundry Detergent Signature The Dirty Labs Liquid Laundry detergent ticks all the right boxes as it is hyper-concentrated, contains non-toxic ingredients and is very effective in removing stains and odors. The Signature detergent has scents of magnolia, Bergamot, and cedar. It is available in a convenient 8.6 fluid-ounce package that can wash 32 loads. It is free from any synthetic dyes, parabens, or preservatives. Molly Suds Dryer Sheets Molly Suds Dryer sheets keep clothes smelling fresh. These sheets are made with plant-based enzymes and ingredients. The sheets are small in size and ideal for small loads. Molly Suds dryer sheets come in peppermint and lavender fragrances. Grab Green 3-in-1 Laundry detergent pods Grab Green is an eco-friendly detergent with pre-measured powder in each pod. One bag contains 60 pods with notes of natural lavender and vanilla scents. They are convenient to use and safe as they do not contain any harsh chemicals in the form of surfactants or optical brighteners. Gain liquid detergent with essential oils Gain liquid detergent has notes of orange and grapefruit that are ideal mood lifters. It is free of parabens, phosphates, and dyes. It works wonders on stains and odors and is available in 42 fluid-ounce bottles that can wash 42 loads. Maison Francis Kurkdjian Laundry Detergent Maison Francis is a luxury perfume brand. Their laundry detergent is infused with Aqua Universalis, one of their popular perfumes, and is available separately for bright and dark colors. It is available in 34 oz containers and has notes of Bergamot, lemon, white bouquet, Egyptian jasmine, Moroccan roses, and light and musky wood.
Over the years, Medicare has provided health insurance coverage to more than 60 million people nationwide. Individuals above 65 years and those with disabilities have benefited from this health insurance coverage. However, not all healthcare-related expenses are covered by Medicare; some things are excluded. In such scenarios, people should cover the remaining costs by taking supplemental insurance. Some things and services that are not covered by Medicare are listed below. 11 things Medicare doesn’t cover Regular physical exams Medicare doesn’t cover the expenses for routine physical exams that are not related to any diagnosis or treatment of any health condition or symptoms. However, Medicare has been expanded to provide coverage of checkups under certain circumstances. These include a one-time checkup in the first year of enrolling for Medicare Part B. Then, for subsequent years, coverage is provided for annual wellness visits. Eye exams and opticians The original Medicare covers certain eye health-related expenses, such as cataract surgery. However, it doesn’t cover others, such as expenses for contact lenses, expenses for glasses, and routine eye exams. Also, Medigap plans, which are the supplemental insurance plans offered by private insurance providers, do not cover these expenses. However, a few Medicare Advantage plans may cover the expenses for prescription glasses or routine eye checkups. Hearing aids Medicare covers certain ear conditions and hearing exams that a doctor has prescribed to diagnose an ear-related condition. In addition, it covers ear cleaning if a health expert deems it necessary. However, Medicare doesn’t cover hearing aids and routine hearing exams. However, certain Medicare Advantage plans may include coverage for some hearing-related requirements. Dental care work Medicare does not cover most dental work. These include dental procedures and supplies such as tooth extractions, cleanings, dental plates, fillings, dentures, and dental devices. However, the original Medicare plan may cover certain dental services if these have to be done as part of other healthcare procedures already covered. In addition, Medicare Part A, that is, hospital insurance, covers a few dental services if an enrollee is admitted to a hospital. Furthermore, Part A also covers hospital stays for complicated or emergency dental procedures. Chiropractic care Original Medicare plans will not cover most chiropractic services and examinations suggested by a chiropractor. Also, expenses for X-rays are not covered. But Medicare Part B does cover the service of manual spinal manipulation. However, it must be done by a chiropractor or other qualified provider. Besides, some Medicare Advantage plans do provide coverage for chiropractic services. Massage therapy Many people with chronic pain opt for massage therapy to alleviate the symptoms. However, the expenses incurred on such therapies are not covered by Medicare. The expenses of nearly all pain management treatments are not covered. However, there is coverage for occupational and physical therapy under a few specific circumstances prescribed by a doctor. Also, some Medicare Advantage plans may cover some part of massage therapy expenses. Nursing home care In most cases, Medicare covers the expenses for some rehabilitation facilities, such as inpatient physical therapy after surgery. However, it does not pay the expenses for nursing homes or assisted living facilities. But Medicare Part A does pay for some nursing home care as long as it doesn’t involve long-term care or custodial care. Cosmetic surgery Medicare does not cover most types of cosmetic surgeries. However, if an enrollee requires to undergo cosmetic surgery to treat a malformed part of the body or due to accidental injury, some part of the expenses may be covered by Medicare. For example, Medicare covers the expenses for breast prostheses carried out for breast reconstruction when a person undergoes a mastectomy due to breast cancer. Overseas care Medicare doesn’t provide coverage for enrollees who are not lawfully located in the country. It won’t also pay for claims made under parts A and B. Also, no coverage is provided by a majority of the Medicare Advantage plans for medical expenses outside the country. However, certain Medigap policies cover some overseas medical costs. For those who travel frequently, it might be helpful to enroll. Concierge care Some doctors and clinics, such as boutique clinics, require patients to pay a membership fee before seeking treatment. These are known as concierge care. The fees for such concierge care often cost thousands of dollars annually. These fees are not covered by Medicare. However, if the doctor participates in Medicare after paying the fees, they must offer the services provided by Medicare. In such scenarios, the same rules of coinsurance and copays will apply as in regular Medicare. Podiatry Medicare does not cover the expenses for podiatry care. These include routine medical care for feet, removal of callus, and so on. However, Medicare Part B provides coverage for foot examinations and prescribed treatments for nerve damage due to diabetes, bunion deformities, hammertoe, heel spurs, and other foot injuries. What to do to get insurance for the above? Besides Part A and Part B of original Medicare, one can choose from several other supplementary plans. These plans cover the gaps in the Original Medicare policy. One of the most common supplemental plans is the Medicare Advantage. It includes Plan C and Plan D. Another well-known plan is Plan G. Also called Medigap plans, these are generally offered by private insurance providers. Medicare pays these providers to offer extra coverage to enrollees. For instance, consider the Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company Plan G 2023. This plan covers all the benefits offered by other Medicare Plans like plans A, B, and C. The only expense not covered is the Medicare Part B deductible. It is a good option for those looking for additional insurance coverage for hospitalization and can get the Medicare Part B deductible out of their own pocket.
Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling people experience when they are nervous about meeting someone or doing something, and at times, without apparent reason. However, anxiety disorder is a condition that affects one physically and mentally. The disorder’s visible symptoms are increased heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath, trembling, and muscle tension. Excessive worrying, isolation, below-par performance, and inability to relax are other consequences. However, the condition can be managed through natural remedies and lifestyle changes. Dealing with anxiety One can follow many simple strategies to reduce anxiety and its impact. First, one must understand the triggers and the symptoms or changes when dealing with the disorder. One should also learn to identify unwanted thoughts of failure and danger. One should communicate openly with their doctor or a mental health professional, who may recommend prescription options and behavioral and cognitive therapies to deal with the disorder. They continue the treatment until they see improvement in physical symptoms and one’s ability to overcome intrusive thoughts and associated behavior. Doctors may also recommend a few natural methods to help manage anxiety and its consequences, minimizing the need for prescription options. Prescriptions have long-term side effects like dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, headaches, nausea, erectile dysfunction, and other problems. Natural methods of management Natural approaches require significant commitment and dedication from the patient. One can start by practicing these methods for a few minutes and incrementally increase the duration and intensity of these remedies. Some of the natural methods to manage anxiety are: Relaxation Learning to relax is a key step in managing the disorder. As one relaxes, their mind and body can become calmer, their muscles relax, and they stop shaking and trembling. People with the disorder can try various relaxation activities and techniques and choose the ones they enjoy the most. This could include the following options: Resuming a hobby that one used to enjoy, like reading, gardening, or painting Listening to music Meeting friends Joining a club or group that likes planning activities one enjoys Volunteering Walking Hiking Such activities help reduce stress, keep one active, and distract them from imaginary worries and, most importantly, unhelpful thoughts. Breathing exercises Mental health professionals place a lot of importance on breathing techniques to manage the disorder. Controlled breathing can help one overcome stress and dizziness, a symptom of anxiety. One should learn the 5-5-5 breathing method, a technique for controlled breathing. Here are the steps: One should sit in a comfortable position on a mat or a chair The next step is closing the eyes while relaxing the shoulders and the body Breathing in for 5 seconds Holding one’s breath for 5 seconds Breathing out for 5 seconds Continuing the exercise for 10 to 15 minutes Paying attention to one’s breath and observing thoughts slowing down This technique can help one keep unwanted thoughts at bay. One can also start with slightly faster deep breathing and work their way up to the 5-5-5 technique. Many other meditation and relaxation methods, like visualization, mindfulness, and transcendental meditation, can help one control their thoughts. One should learn these techniques from a certified trainer and opt for the one they find most suitable. Lifestyle changes Managing this mental health disorder requires continuous effort and discipline. Being physically active can offer multiple benefits for managing anxiety and overall health. Some of the key lifestyle changes one must introduce to manage the disorder are: Getting adequate rest can help one avoid fatigue and exhaustion, which can trigger and worsen the symptoms. Certain substances can interfere with sleep, so they should be avoided. So, developing healthy routines and sticking to a strict sleep schedule is a great first step in managing mental health issues like anxiety. One should reduce their dependence on stimulants like caffeine, as too much of it can change how the brain cells work and worsen the symptoms of the disorder. Distraction When unwanted thoughts begin to trigger fear and anxiety, one can learn some tricks that can help them divert their attention. For instance, when one recognizes a thought like “something bad is going to happen”, they can start counting in multiples of 5 or 10 and focus on just the numbers. Instead of indulging in unhelpful thoughts, one can find distractions by looking at their surroundings. If one is preparing to meet someone and are experiencing anxious thoughts in anticipation, they should focus on thoughts unrelated to the meeting. They can think about other tasks or conversations that don’t make them anxious. The more one finds ways to distract their unhelpful and worry-inducing thoughts, the more they can reduce stress. Reducing avoidance The triggers of anxiety can be certain events, people, and personal or professional situations. So, a person with the disorder might want to avoid these triggers. If they have been part of a train accident, the sounds of a train or the prospect of traveling on a train can make them anxious. If they are not comfortable speaking in front of a gathering, they may not participate in presentations or meetings even if they are skilled and have a lot to share. They may avoid presenting their ideas for fear of negative remarks or reviews about their work. Here, one should list things and activities that trigger their anxiety and rank them according to difficulty. Instead of avoidance, one should consider experiencing each activity, starting with the one that seems the least challenging. Once one overcomes the anxiety for the least difficult task, they should move to the next activity. This should continue until they reach the top of the list and engage in the activity that gives them the most stress. If delivering presentations is the least worry-inducing activity on the list, one can start by presenting to a group of two or three. They should keep repeating the activity until they are no longer as nervous. Then, they can gradually increase the duration of the presentations and audience members until they are comfortable speaking for 30 minutes in front of a large group.
An adult has 206 bones compared to an infant’s 306; as one grows, the bone fuses, and the bone tissues constantly break down and rebuild. The length of bones stops growing between the ages of 16 and 18, but bone density continues growing until age 35. Individuals begin to lose bone tissue between the ages of 35 and 40, but this can be hastened by conditions like osteoporosis, which leads to drastic bone loss. What is osteoporosis? Bones have a thick outer shell and an inner mesh resembling a honeycomb. The mesh contains proteins and minerals like collagen and calcium. Our body needs minerals like phosphorus and magnesium to build new bones regularly. As we age, if our body loses more bones than it can produce, it cumulatively results in bone loss. This condition is called osteoporosis, which develops and progresses slowly over many years. The bone’s outer shell and honeycomb-like mesh gradually become thinner when osteoporosis happens. The bone becomes weak, putting the person at a high risk of bone pain and fractures. Osteoporosis does not have any specific symptoms. Most men and women may not know they have had osteoporosis until the bone pain and stiffness become too intense or if they suffer a sudden fracture. Fractures of the hip, spine, and wrist are the most common impact of osteoporosis. Weak bones can break at the slightest movement and cause fractures when the person falls. In severe cases of osteoporosis, even a sneeze or a cough can cause a fracture. Five diseases that cause osteoporosis Whatever the cause, bone loss can only be delayed but not reversed. Genetic, autoimmune, hormonal, liver and allergic, psychiatric, and neurological disorders can cause osteoporosis. Five such diseases are: Cystic fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is an inherited and life-threatening disease that causes thick sticky mucus in the lungs, pancreas, and internal organs. It leads to low bone minerals, causing the holes in the bones to become big, making them weak and brittle. The condition is a leading cause of bone loss and fractures. Doctors have yet to identify a cure for cystic fibrosis and use a combination of prescription treatments, anti-inflammatory treatments, antibiotics, and gene therapy to manage it. Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where one restricts their food intake, fearing they may become overweight. They may be very thin and underweight, but they are still anxious and irrational fear about putting on weight. They tend to avoid meals and eat very little. The lack of proper nutrition can affect hormone production, irregular menstruation, low estrogen production, and excessive production of cortisol that triggers bone loss. Each of these factors impacts affects bone growth. Both men and women can develop anorexia nervosa and osteoporosis due to malnutrition and low bone density. Doctors treat anorexia nervosa with a combination of healthy foods, prescription treatment, nutritional counseling, group therapy, and, if necessary, hospitalization. Celiac disease Celiac disease affects the intestines and is an autoimmune condition where our body cannot absorb or tolerate gluten. When the immune system senses gluten, it starts attacking the small intestine, damaging the lining. The small intestine then becomes unable to absorb nutrients. Without adequate nutrition, a person with Celiac disease may become malnourished and have consequences like anemia, weight loss, delayed growth, or lack of adequate growth, resulting in a small frame. Osteoporosis and consequent bone loss and loss of mass bone are common complications of Celiac disease. A gluten-free food regime is the best treatment for this condition. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition. It is an autoimmune disease that damages the connective tissue in the joints. As the disease progresses, it results in joint stiffness and the weakening of bone tissue around the affected joints. Osteoporosis is a co-morbid condition of rheumatoid arthritis. The treatments for RA can trigger bone loss, pain and joint stiffness, making mobility difficult, and the resultant inactivity can trigger fractures around the joints. There is no cure yet for RA, and doctors use a combination of prescription treatments, nutrition, physical therapy and frequent screening to arrest its progression. Chronic renal disease If a person has chronic renal disease, their kidneys cannot flush extra minerals out of their system, resulting in the build-up of phosphorous and calcium in their blood. Excess phosphorous causes the calcium in the bones to mix with blood. The kidneys are also unable to convert food and sunlight into vitamin D, causing its deficiency. Cumulatively the bone begins to become weaker, leading to osteoporosis. Doctors treat chronic renal disease with a combination of prescription treatments and low-phosphorous and low-calcium meal plans. Doctors may also prescribe dialysis for people with advanced renal disease. Other risk factors for osteoporosis Aside from diseases, there are several reasons why one can develop osteoporosis. Though aging is the primary cause of the condition, not every person will be affected by it. Some natural, lifestyle and other health factors significantly increase the chances of osteoporosis, like: Age Men and women above 30 are at a higher risk. Gender Women are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis than men. Menopause Estrogen promotes the growth of osteoblasts, cells that produce bone. After menopause, the production of estrogen and osteoblasts reduce, resulting in gradual bone loss. Menopausal women are at a higher risk for developing osteoporosis. Body mass and build A person with a thin frame and low body weight is at higher risk than people with larger frames. Family history If any of your older family members have a history of hunched shoulders or frequent spine or hip fractures, you, too, are at a higher risk of the condition. Prescription treatment Long-term use of certain prescription treatments like steroids, immunosuppressants, and anticoagulants can lead to osteoporosis. Treatments for managing epilepsy and thyroid problems can also increase the risk of bone loss. Nutritional deficiencies Malnutrition and imbalances in calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, and vitamin D levels can also increase the risk of bone loss. Lifestyle Long-term use of specific addictive products, lack of physical activity, and sedentary lifestyle increase the risk of bone loss and fractures. Underlying diseases and disorders As seen above, diseases like chronic liver disease, metabolic disorders, certain cancers, rheumatologic diseases, and diabetes can also lead to osteoporosis.
Living with arthritis can be a daily battle, as persistent joint pain and stiffness can hinder mobility and affect the overall quality of life. However, there is good news. With a comprehensive approach that combines evidence-based treatment methods, lifestyle modifications, and innovative therapies, individuals can find relief from arthritis symptoms and regain control over their lives. Combining these available treatment options with the right food can further help manage the condition. On that note, here are a few foods to avoid to manage arthritis: Refined sugar sources like soft drinks Limiting your sugar intake is of utmost importance. Therefore, consuming added sugar in foods, like bread, and beverages, like soft drinks, can be even more harmful to the system. It can contribute to elevated inflammatory symptoms in the body and further complicate your condition. Be aware of the extra sugar in the sweets you eat and the sauces and other condiments you top off your plate with. To keep the less-than-ideal arthritis symptoms under check, you must read the labels of the foods and beverages you bring home. Packaged foods are especially alarmingly rich in added sugar. Frozen pizza Per the CDC, frozen pizza is one of the most common sources of high sodium intake for Americans. It contributes to other complicating conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Frequently feasting on frozen pizza can enhance joint pain and other arthritis-associated symptoms. Things can worsen if the pizza you enjoy has a thick, refined carbohydrate base, pepperoni, and salty seasonings. This is just a trifecta of foods that aggravate your symptoms. Dairy foods like cheese Dairy has always been touted as a friend of the bones. As kids, we were all taught about the importance of milk and milk products as rich sources of calcium and vitamin D. But what about the saturated fat and lactose content in foods like cheese and cream? Both of these ingredients can lead to increased inflammation in the body. And since inflammation is the most common symptom of arthritis, it can further worsen your condition. However, different people respond differently to food. You should choose the foods to eat and avoid with the help of a doctor and a trained nutritionist. Some patients have also reported feeling better when they include yogurt in their meals. Wheat sources like pasta Not everyone has to deal with increased inflammation after eating gluten-rich food. However, it is still a common food ingredient that can contribute to increased inflammatory levels. It can be especially harmful to people with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. A lot of people feel better after eliminating gluten from their meal plans. Eliminating gluten shows the best results for people with celiac disease, gluten intolerance, and gluten sensitivity. If you experience your pain or symptoms worsening after eating bread or wheat pasta, it might be a sign for you to cut it out. Salty snacks like canned soups Foods laden with salt promote inflammation and can be even more harmful for people with hypertension. This includes packaged snacks, pizzas, frozen foods, canned soups, and more. Including these savory snacks can lead to water retention in the body. Fluid retention can be linked to increased inflammation. In addition, none of these foods are nutrient-dense and can contribute to your worsening condition. It is advised to drink plenty of water to manage hypertension. There are numerous treatment options that, when paired with good food, can help with arthritis management. It is crucial to understand that you must consult a doctor and include or eliminate foods on their advice. Here are some other management methods that can help: Certain anti-inflammatory substances Some anti-inflammatory substances doctors prescribe are crucial in managing arthritis symptoms, relieving pain, and reducing inflammation. There is also an emerging field of treatment methods that target specific immune system components to help control inflammation and slow down joint damage. Physical therapy Physical therapy is essential to arthritis treatment, focusing on exercises and techniques that improve joint function, reduce pain, and increase strength and flexibility. Various physical therapy approaches include range-of-motion exercises, strengthening exercises, and aquatic therapy. Lifestyle adaptations Making certain lifestyle modifications can significantly impact arthritis management. Lifestyle adaptations help maintain a healthy body mass to alleviate joint stress while reaping the benefits of regular exercise in improving joint mobility and overall well-being. Assistive devices Assistive devices can provide valuable support for individuals with arthritis, helping them manage daily tasks more easily and minimizing joint strain. There are a range of assistive devices like braces, splints, canes, and ergonomic tools designed to reduce joint stress and improve functionality. Working with healthcare professionals helps assess individual needs and ensures these devices’ proper fit and use. Complementary approaches In addition to conventional treatment methods, various complementary and alternative therapies can offer additional relief and support for individuals with arthritis. You can opt for options such as acupuncture, massage therapy, yoga, and tai chi, which can reduce pain, improve joint function, and enhance overall well-being. It is important to note that while these therapies may provide symptom relief, they should be used in conjunction with conventional treatments and under healthcare professionals’ guidance. Joint protection strategies Protecting the joints and minimizing further damage is crucial to arthritis management. Doctors can provide practical tips and techniques for joint protection, including proper body mechanics, ergonomic modifications in the home and workplace, and adaptive tools. By implementing these strategies, individuals can reduce joint stress and preserve joint function, enabling them to engage in daily activities more comfortably and efficiently. Stress management and emotional support Arthritis affects not only physical health but also mental and emotional well-being. Stress management techniques such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and mindfulness practices are very important. Additionally, seeking emotional support through support groups, counseling, and connecting with others living with arthritis can assist in maintaining better emotional health. By addressing the emotional impact of arthritis, individuals can better cope with the challenges and maintain a positive outlook.
To support healthy aging, it is important to prioritize nutrition and lifestyle. Eating well-balanced meals can help one stay energized, get all the nutrients required for performing daily activities, and reduce the risk of chronic health conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. On the other hand, malnutrition can weaken the muscles and bones and leave one vulnerable to diseases. To avoid this, here are some healthy foods seniors must eat regularly. Fatty fish Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, and mackerel are a great source of proteins and omega-3 fatty acids, which can help protect the body from cardiovascular conditions. Seniors must try to add fatty fish to their meals at least two times a week to improve their health. Those who do not enjoy the flavor of fish may also consider omega-3 fish oil supplements. Skinless poultry Skinless poultry, also known as lean meats, is a great source of protein for seniors. Cuts of chicken and turkey can be prepared with herbs and spices as low-sodium meals, especially for seniors with high blood pressure. Eggs Egg whites are also a great source of protein and heart-healthy nutrients for elders. However, the yolks are rich in cholesterol, so, preparing eggs carefully and eating them in moderation can help seniors boost their health. Dairy products Dairy products are a great source of nutrients, especially calcium and vitamin D. Yogurt is an important probiotic that can help protect the gut biome. However, opt for reduced-fat or skimmed milk options to reduce the consumption of unhealthy fats. Also, avoid buying flavored dairy products as these often contain added sugars and preservatives. Walnuts Walnuts are another excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, especially for vegans and vegetarians. They are a rich source of fiber and help protect heart health. Almonds Rich in unsaturated fats, almonds can help lower bad cholesterol (LDL) levels, making them a healthy snack or additive to meals. However, be sure to avoid almonds that have been covered in heavy salt or sugar as they may raise cholesterol levels. Cashews Having unsalted or low-sodium cashews in moderation can help reduce the risk of heart disease, lower blood pressure, and even improve cholesterol levels for some senior citizens with type-2 diabetes. Papaya Papayas are loaded with vitamin C; a single papaya contains over 200 percent of a person’s daily vitamin C intake. An important immune-boosting nutrient, vitamin C can also help reduce oxidative damage to the cells in the body and it has also been known to reduce wrinkles and prevent skin damage. Apples Apples are a rich source of pectin and antioxidants, which can help reduce cholesterol levels and protect seniors against asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Grapefruit A great source of vitamin C and nutrients like fiber, potassium, lycopene, and choline, grapefruit can help boost the immune system and promote heart health. It also has a high water content, adding to one’s fluid intake. However, seniors undergoing treatment for insomnia, anxiety, and high blood pressure must refrain from eating grapefruit as its furocoumarin content may exacerbate the effects of therapies. Berries Strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, and cranberries are not only delicious fruits but also rich sources of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, which can help boost immunity and improve health among seniors. Leafy greens Spinach, salad greens, arugula, dandelion greens, lettuce, kale, Brussels sprouts, and other leafy greens are a great source of vitamins, minerals, and fiber that can help boost immunity, aid digestion, control blood pressure, and protect one from cardiovascular disease as well. Seniors should aim to consume around two cups of green leafy vegetables per day. Carrots Delicious and colorful, carrots are a great way to brighten up the food plate in a healthy manner. They are loaded with carotenoids, which play an important role in protecting eyesight. They also help maintain the immune system, support cholesterol balance, and improve heart and gut health. Carrots may even help reduce the risk of cancer. Whole grains Whole grains are rich in fiber, which is important to aid the digestion process and protect the body from several gastrointestinal diseases. Popularly available whole grains include wheat germ, whole meal, quinoa, and brown rice. Green tea It is packed with vitamins and minerals that can help support health and boost immunity. According to certain sources, green tea has been associated with reducing the LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the body, reducing the risk of cognitive decline and diabetes, boosting mood, soothing stress, and even strengthening the bones. Cinnamon Antioxidants and several other beneficial compounds make cinnamon an interesting, flavorful, and healthy addition to meals. It has anti-inflammatory properties that can help boost one’s immune system and repair tissue damage. It may also help reduce LDL and triglyceride levels and according to some studies, cinnamon may also help reduce insulin resistance to lower blood sugar levels. Moreover, it is known to protect seniors against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, as well as cancer. Prunes Prunes or dried plums have several health benefits, such as: A great source of fiber, and can help aid digestion and prevent constipation High in potassium, an important mineral in many bodily functions such as digestion, heart rhythm, nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and blood pressure A rich source of vitamins such as vitamin K, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and niacin A good source of iron, which can help prevent anemia Rich in boron content, which can help build strong bones in seniors Loaded with antioxidants such as polyphenols, which support digestion, heart health, nervous system, and blood vessels However, prune juice is not advisable for seniors with kidney disease due to its high potassium content. Additionally, the intake of prunes and prune juice must be in limited quantities, as its sugar content may also lead to gas or bloating.
